Radium is a chemical element with the symbol Ra and atomic number 88. It is the sixth element in group 2 of the periodic table, also known as the alkaline earth metals.Pure radium is silvery-white, but it readily reacts with nitrogen (rather than oxygen) on exposure to air, forming a black surface layer of radium nitride (Ra 3 N 2). 1.4.5.0 MANDATORY Hard fork at block 682240 to implement fixed Average Fee code 1.4.4.5 TESTNET Testing Canidate for MAINNET 1.4.5 code 1.4.4.4 TESTNET Soft.
This is simple math. It is based on the parallax method. This method is the most accurate after the laser rangefinder, but has a longer range than the laser range finder. It can be used in different areas: on the golf course, in architecture, design, in geodesy, measure land or distance from wall to wall of your house. The range is from 1 meter (yard) to 10 km (miles) or more. It is necessary.
Radithor was a patent medicine that is a well-known example of radioactive quackery and specifically of excessively broad and pseudoscientific application of the principle of radiation hormesis. It consisted of triple distilled water containing at a minimum 1 microcurie (37 kBq) each of the radium 226 and 228 isotopes.
The time of Radithor and radioactive elixirs ended in 1932, with the premature death of one of its most fervent users, Eben Byers, a young American industrial billionaire. The history of Radithor is considered an excessive and pseudo-scientific application of radiation hormesis. This history has led to the strengthening of regulatory control of pharmaceutical and radioactive products.
History[edit]
Radithor was manufactured from 1918 to 1928 by the Bailey Radium Laboratories, Inc., of East Orange, New Jersey. The owner of the company and head of the laboratories was listed as William J. A. Bailey, a dropout from Harvard College,[1] who was not a medical doctor.[2] It was advertised as 'A Cure for the Living Dead'[3] as well as 'Perpetual Sunshine'. The expensive product was claimed to cure impotence, among other ills.[4]
Eben Byers, a wealthy American socialite, athlete, industrialist and Yale College graduate, died from Radithor radium poisoning in 1932.[5] Byers was buried in a lead-lined coffin; when exhumed in 1965 for study, his remains were still highly radioactive.[4]
Byers's death led to the strengthening of the Food and Drug Administration's powers and the demise of most radiation-based patent medicines. A Wall Street Journal article (1 Aug. 1990) describing the Byers incident was titled 'The Radium Water Worked Fine Until His Jaw Came Off'.[6]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'Medicine: Radium Drinks'. Time. Apr 11, 1932. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ^Literary Digest, 16 April 1932Archived 3 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^'Radium Cures – museumofquackery.com'. museumofquackery.com.
- ^ abJorgensen, Timothy J. (2 November 2016). 'When 'energy' drinks actually contained radioactive energy'. The Conversation US. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
- ^'Death Stirs Action on Radium 'Cures'. Trade Commission Speeds Its Inquiry. Health Department Checks Drug Wholesalers. Autopsy Shows Symptoms. Maker of 'Radithor' Denies It Killed Byers, as Does Victim's Physician in Pittsburgh. Walker Uses Apparatus. Friends Alarmed to Find Mayor Has Been Drinking Radium-Charged Water for Last Six Months'. New York Times. April 2, 1932. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
Federal and local agencies, as well as medical authorities in various parts of the country, were stirred to action yesterday as a result of the death of Eben M. Byers, wealthy Pittsburgh steel manufacturer and sportsman, who died here Wednesday at the Doctors' Hospital from causes attributed to radium poisoning resulting from the drinking of water containing radium in solution. ...
- ^'Medical Collectors Association - Newsletter 20'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2018-12-14. Retrieved 2018-12-14.
- Radithor (ca. 1918). 15 Sep. 2004. Oak Ridge Associated Universities. 12 Apr. 2005 [1].
External links[edit]
- Radithor at the Oak Ridge Associated Universities Health Physics Historical Instrumentation Museum Collection
Radium is a Proof of Stake Cryptocurrency. The SmartChain is a 2nd layer solution built on top of the Radium blockchain. It provides advanced utility which includes: decentralized voting & elections, digital signature, proof of ownership , custom assets and identity management.
EXCHANGES, SWAP SERVICES, FIAT GATEWAYS
Identities
Create and manage your own identity on the Radium blockchain. Use your identity to sign and validate files, participate in votes, and permanently secure important text directly into the blockchain.
Digital Signatures
Digital signatures enable verification, ownership, and integrity checking of most internet content including pictures, downloads, journalistic works, digital art, and research data.
Voting
Secure, public, verifiable, and transparent platform for multi-person decision making. No fraud, no recounts, and full accountability as all records are fully public and easily verified.
Custom Assets
Custom Radium assets and tokens can be used for a wide range of purposes and act as their own cryptocurrency/store-of-data, while still running on top of the Radium blockchain.
Radium 3 0 6 0
Here are some quick facts regarding Radium that may interest you before getting started.
Radium 3 0 64
Deflationary Asset: Yes
Maximum Supply: 9 Million
Circulating Supply: Approx. 3.58 Million
Block Time: 1 Minute
Block Maturity: 120 Blocks
POS Reward: 0.50 RADS
No ICO. No Premine. No Presale. For the community, by the community.
Feel free to download and share as much or as often as you'd like. If you'd like any additional content, by all means, please do not hesitate to ask!
Colors
- Logo Gradient: 6055d9 - be45f9
- Radium Purple 1: 582e89
- Radium Purple 2: 7557c4
- Radium Teal: 00d8a7
- Accordion Hover Green Variant: 4fc181
- Accordion Panel BlueBlack: 272833
- Light Gray: 828282
- Website Background: 1c1d26
- Website Red Variant: e44c65
Radithor was manufactured from 1918 to 1928 by the Bailey Radium Laboratories, Inc., of East Orange, New Jersey. The owner of the company and head of the laboratories was listed as William J. A. Bailey, a dropout from Harvard College,[1] who was not a medical doctor.[2] It was advertised as 'A Cure for the Living Dead'[3] as well as 'Perpetual Sunshine'. The expensive product was claimed to cure impotence, among other ills.[4]
Eben Byers, a wealthy American socialite, athlete, industrialist and Yale College graduate, died from Radithor radium poisoning in 1932.[5] Byers was buried in a lead-lined coffin; when exhumed in 1965 for study, his remains were still highly radioactive.[4]
Byers's death led to the strengthening of the Food and Drug Administration's powers and the demise of most radiation-based patent medicines. A Wall Street Journal article (1 Aug. 1990) describing the Byers incident was titled 'The Radium Water Worked Fine Until His Jaw Came Off'.[6]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'Medicine: Radium Drinks'. Time. Apr 11, 1932. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ^Literary Digest, 16 April 1932Archived 3 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^'Radium Cures – museumofquackery.com'. museumofquackery.com.
- ^ abJorgensen, Timothy J. (2 November 2016). 'When 'energy' drinks actually contained radioactive energy'. The Conversation US. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
- ^'Death Stirs Action on Radium 'Cures'. Trade Commission Speeds Its Inquiry. Health Department Checks Drug Wholesalers. Autopsy Shows Symptoms. Maker of 'Radithor' Denies It Killed Byers, as Does Victim's Physician in Pittsburgh. Walker Uses Apparatus. Friends Alarmed to Find Mayor Has Been Drinking Radium-Charged Water for Last Six Months'. New York Times. April 2, 1932. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
Federal and local agencies, as well as medical authorities in various parts of the country, were stirred to action yesterday as a result of the death of Eben M. Byers, wealthy Pittsburgh steel manufacturer and sportsman, who died here Wednesday at the Doctors' Hospital from causes attributed to radium poisoning resulting from the drinking of water containing radium in solution. ...
- ^'Medical Collectors Association - Newsletter 20'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2018-12-14. Retrieved 2018-12-14.
- Radithor (ca. 1918). 15 Sep. 2004. Oak Ridge Associated Universities. 12 Apr. 2005 [1].
External links[edit]
- Radithor at the Oak Ridge Associated Universities Health Physics Historical Instrumentation Museum Collection
Radium is a Proof of Stake Cryptocurrency. The SmartChain is a 2nd layer solution built on top of the Radium blockchain. It provides advanced utility which includes: decentralized voting & elections, digital signature, proof of ownership , custom assets and identity management.
EXCHANGES, SWAP SERVICES, FIAT GATEWAYS
Identities
Create and manage your own identity on the Radium blockchain. Use your identity to sign and validate files, participate in votes, and permanently secure important text directly into the blockchain.
Digital Signatures
Digital signatures enable verification, ownership, and integrity checking of most internet content including pictures, downloads, journalistic works, digital art, and research data.
Voting
Secure, public, verifiable, and transparent platform for multi-person decision making. No fraud, no recounts, and full accountability as all records are fully public and easily verified.
Custom Assets
Custom Radium assets and tokens can be used for a wide range of purposes and act as their own cryptocurrency/store-of-data, while still running on top of the Radium blockchain.
Radium 3 0 6 0
Here are some quick facts regarding Radium that may interest you before getting started.
Radium 3 0 64
Deflationary Asset: Yes
Maximum Supply: 9 Million
Circulating Supply: Approx. 3.58 Million
Block Time: 1 Minute
Block Maturity: 120 Blocks
POS Reward: 0.50 RADS
No ICO. No Premine. No Presale. For the community, by the community.
Feel free to download and share as much or as often as you'd like. If you'd like any additional content, by all means, please do not hesitate to ask!
Colors
- Logo Gradient: 6055d9 - be45f9
- Radium Purple 1: 582e89
- Radium Purple 2: 7557c4
- Radium Teal: 00d8a7
- Accordion Hover Green Variant: 4fc181
- Accordion Panel BlueBlack: 272833
- Light Gray: 828282
- Website Background: 1c1d26
- Website Red Variant: e44c65
Radium Updates
Stay up to date with Radium by following our official Medium blog.
- Radium XT Release Notesby John Poulmentis on July 21, 2020 at 12:34 pm
Radium Extended or Radium XT is the latest codebase upgrade and client version of the Radium blockchain. It's an upgrade from PoSv3 to bitcoin 0.13 codebase.Main Features100% Backward CompatibilityBackward compatible (or sometimes backward-compatible or backwards […]
- +50% Rewards for staking Radium (RADS) for a full week!by John Poulmentis on June 17, 2020 at 3:12 pm
If you have been looking for a passive income and maybe considered staking but never quite got it off the ground, this may be a good moment to get started.To celebrate the 5th anniversary of the Radium blockchain, Radium Core is repeating the extremely popular ‘Stake Like a […]
- Radium Core — 2020 Development and Expansion Roadmapby John Poulmentis on January 28, 2020 at 2:58 pm
Radium Core — 2020 Development and Expansion RoadmapOver the last 6 months, we've developed a new strategy to better adapt ourselves and our product to new challenges in this ever evolving industry. While our roadmaps of the past were primarily focused on […]
- Radium — A Year in Reviewby John Poulmentis on January 22, 2020 at 2:48 pm
Radium — A Year in ReviewTo say that 2019 was a challenging year is an understatement, with the continuation of the bear market that has forced out so many industry players, including several exchanges.Fortunately, Radium has very low overhead, making it highly […]